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source: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/modern-physics-essentials/x1bb01bdec712d446:what-are-the-building-blocks-of-a-computer/x1bb01bdec712d446:how-to-create-a-one-way-conductor-using-semiconductors/v/the-pn-junction-class-12-india-physics-khan-academy
created: 2025-01-14...
Doping is the process of intentionally introducing impurities into a semiconductor to change its electrical properties. Group 13 elements, such as boron (B), aluminum (Al), or gallium (Ga), have three valence electrons. When these elements are added to an intrinsic semiconductor like silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge), which have four valence electrons, they create holes (the absence of an electron) in the crystal structure.
These holes act as positive charge carriers, effectively making the semiconductor a p-type semiconductor. The group 13 element is referred to as an acceptor because it accepts electrons from the valence band of the semiconductor, leaving behind a hole.
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